The CSS Grid Layout Module, with rows and columns, makesg it easier to design web pages without having to use "floats" and "positioning".
A grid layout consists of a parent element, with one or more child elements.
The grid layout must have a parent element with the display property set to "grid" or "inline-grid". Direct child element(s) of the grid container automatically becomes grid items.
An HTML element becomes a grid container when its display property is set to grid or inline-grid. All direct children of the grid container automatically become grid items.
The vertical lines of grid items are called grid columns or columns. The horizontal lines of grid items are called grid rows or rows.
The spaces between each column/row are called grid-gaps or gaps. The gap size can be adjusted by using one of the following properties: grid-column-gap, grid-row-gap, grid-gap
To make an HTML element behave as a grid container, you have to set the display property to grid or inline-grid. Grid containers consist of grid items, placed inside columns and rows.
The grid-template-columns property defines the number of columns in the grid layout, and it can define the width of each column.
The value is a space-separated-list, where each value defines the width of the respective column. If you want your grid layout to contain 4 columns, specify the width of the 4 columns, or "auto" if all columns should have the same width.
examples
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<style>
.grid-container3 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto auto auto auto; grid-gap: 10px; background-color: #2196F3;
padding: 10px; height:20vw;}
.grid-container3 > div { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); text-align: center; padding: 20px 0; font-size: 30px;}
</style>
<div style="margin-left: 2vw;" class="grid-container3">
<div>1</div>
<div>2</div>
<div>3</div>
<div>4</div>
<div>5</div>
<div>6</div>
<div>7</div>
<div>8</div>
</div>
If you have more than 4 items in a 4 columns grid, the grid will automatically add a new row to put the items in.
The grid-template-columns property can also be used to specify the size (width) of the columns.
The grid-template-rows property defines the height of each row. The value is a space-separated-list, where each value defines the height of the respective row.
The justify-content property is used to align the whole grid inside the container. The grid's total width has to be less than the container's width for the justify-content property to have any effect.
Values: space-evenly, space-around, space-between, center, start, end.
The align-content property is used to "vertically" align the whole grid inside the container. The grid's total height has to be less than the container's height for the align-content property to have any effect.
Values: space-evenly, space-around, space-between, center, start, end.
Child elements (items) are the grid items contained in a grid container. By default, a container has one grid item for each column, in each row, but you can style the grid items so that they will span multiple columns and/or rows.
The grid-column property defines on which column(s) to place an item.
You define where the item will start and where the item will end.
The grid-column property is a shorthand property for the "grid-column-start" and the "grid-column-end" properties. To place an item, you can refer to line numbers or use the keyword "span" to define how many columns the item will span.
examples
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Item1 will start on column 1 and end before column 5.
<style>
.grid-container8 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto auto auto auto auto auto; grid-gap: 10px; background-color: #2196F3;
padding: 10px; height: 20vw;}
.grid-container8 > div { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); text-align: center; padding: 20px 0; font-size: 30px;}
.grid-container8 .item1 { grid-column: 1 / 5;}
.grid-container8 .item4 {grid-column: 1 / span 3;}
.grid-container8 .item14 {grid-column: 1/ span 2;}
</style>
<div>
<div style="margin-left: 2vw;" class="grid-container8">
<div class="item1">1</div>
<div class="item2">2</div>
<div class="item3">3</div>
<div class="item4">4</div>
<div class="item5">5</div>
<div class="item6">6</div>
<div class="item7">7</div>
<div class="item8">8</div>
<div class="item9">9</div>
<div class="item10">10</div>
<div class="item11">11</div>
<div class="item12">12</div>
<div class="item13">13</div>
<div class="item14">14</div>
<div class="item15">15</div>
</div>
<p style="margin-left: 5vw">Item1 will start on column 1 and
end before column 5.</p>
</div>
The grid-row property defines on which row to place an item.
You define where the item will start, and where the item will end. The grid-row property is a shorthand property for the "grid-row-start" and the "grid-row-end" properties. To place an item, you can refer to line numbers or use the keyword "span" to define how many rows the item will span.
The grid-area property can be used as a shorthand property for the "grid-row-start", "grid-column-start", "grid-row-end" and the "grid-column-end" properties.
examples
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Item8 will start on row-line 1 and column-line 2, and end on row-line 5 column-line 6.
<style>
.grid-container10 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto auto auto auto auto auto; grid-gap: 10px; background-color: #2196F3;
padding: 10px; height: 25vw;}
.grid-container10 > div { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); text-align: center; padding: 20px 0; font-size: 30px;}
.grid-container10 .item8 { grid-area: 1 / 2 / 5 / 6;}
</style>
<div>
<div style="margin-left: 3vw;" class="grid-container10">
<div class="item1">1</div>
<div class="item2">2</div>
<div class="item3">3</div>
<div class="item4">4</div>
<div class="item5">5</div>
<div class="item6">6</div>
<div class="item7">7</div>
<div class="item8">8</div>
<div class="item9">9</div>
<div class="item10">10</div>
<div class="item11">11</div>
<div class="item12">12</div>
<div class="item13">13</div>
<div class="item14">14</div>
<div class="item15">15</div>
</div>
<P style="margin-left: 5vw">Item8 will start on row-line 1 and column-line 2,
and end on row-line 5 column-line 6.</P>
</div>
The grid-area property can also be used to assign names to grid items.
Named grid items can be referred to by the "grid-template-areas" property of the grid container. Each row is defined by apostrophes (' '). The column in each row is defined inside the apostrophes, separated by a space. A period sign represents a grid item with no name.
The order of the items: the grid layout allows us to position the items anywhere we like. The first item in the HTML code does not have to appear as the first item in the grid.
The grid-auto-flow CSS property controls how the auto-placement algorithm works, specifying exactly how auto-placed items get flowed into the grid. This property may take one of two forms: 1/ a single keyword: one of "row", "column", or "dense", or 2/ two keywords: "row dense" or "column dense".
Values:
row: items are placed by filling each row in turn, adding new rows as necessary. If neither row nor column is provided, row is assumed.
column: items are placed by filling each column in turn, adding new columns as necessary.
dense: "dense" packing algorithm attempts to fill in holes earlier in the grid, if smaller items come up later. This may cause items to appear out-of-order, when doing so would fill in holes left by larger items.
If it is omitted, a "sparse" algorithm is used, where the placement algorithm only ever moves "forward" in the grid when placing items, never backtracking to fill holes. This ensures that all of the auto-placed items appear "in order", even if this leaves holes that could have been filled by later items.
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<style>
.grid-container14 {display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto auto auto; grid-template-rows: auto auto; grid-gap: 10px;
background-color: #2196F3;padding: 10px; height: 20vw;}
.grid-container14 > div {background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); text-align: center; padding: 20px 0; font-size: 30px;}
</style>
<div style="margin-left: 3vw;" class="grid-container14" style="grid-auto-flow:
column;">
<div class="item1">1</div>
<div class="item2">2</div>
<div class="item3">3</div>
<div class="item4">4</div>
</div>
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<style>
.grid-container15 {display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto auto auto; grid-template-rows: auto auto; grid-gap: 10px;
background-color: #2196F3; padding: 10px; HEIGHT: 20VW;}
.grid-container15 > div {background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); text-align: center; padding: 20px 0; font-size: 30px;}
</style>
<div style="margin-left: 2vw;" class="grid-container14" style="grid-auto-flow: row;">
<div class="item1">1</div>
<div class="item2">2</div>
<div class="item3">3</div>
<div class="item4">4</div>
</div>
With CSS grid layout, the grid itself within its container as well as grid items can be positioned with the following 6 properties: justify-items, align-items, justify-content, align-content, justify-self, and align-self.
These properties, which are part of the CSS box alignment module, define a standard way to position elements with either flexbox or CSS grid.
Most of the alignment properties are applied on the grid container, but some are for grid items, for when you want to specify values that apply only for specific grid items.
using properties on the grid container
justify-items, align-items, justify-content, and align-content are four properties that apply to the entire grid.
"justify-items" is used to justify the grid items along the row axis. The possible values are "start", "end", "center", and "stretch".
"justify-content": when the entire grid is smaller than the space for the grid container, use justify-content to justify the grid along the row axis. You can use the following values: "start", "end", "center", "stretch", "space-around", "space-between", or "space-evenly".
"align-content" is used to align the grid content along the column axis. You can use the following values: "start", "end", "center", "stretch", "space-around", "space-between", or "space-evenly".
"justify-self" and "align-self" are analogous to the equivalent properties available on the container (justify-items and align-items), but they apply to items directly to position them differently than the rest of the grid items.
"justify-self" is used to align a grid item along the row axis.
